The thoughts of Shah Ismail Shahid regarding Sufism and the clarification of philosophy of (Wahdat al Wujood) and (Wahdat al Shuhood)

شاہ اسماعیل شہیدؒ کی فکر تصوف اور فلسفہ وحدت الوجود و شہود کی وضاحت

Abstract

Sufism and the concept of "Wahdat al-Wujood" (Unity of Existence) are interconnected with the notions of totality and parts. Their relationship is tied to the spiritual journey and inner experiences of an individual. "Wahdat al-Wujood" is a term denoting a Sufi's inner quality. The Imam, Mujaddid Alif Thani, holds the perspective that the knowledge of divine recognition cannot be solely attained through Sufi contemplation, inner vision, or revelation. Therefore, for true knowledge of the essence of God, reliance on revelation and the guidance of scholars is necessary. Imam Al-Mujahideen Shah Isma'il, in reference to this, states that the difference is merely verbal; in reality, both concepts are the same. During the time of Ibn Arabi, the focus was on "Wahdat al-Wujood," and Ibn Arabi emphasized it amidst various interpretations. Similarly, during the era of Mujaddid Alif Thani, the importance of the theory of "Wahdat ash-Shuhud" (Unity of Witnessing) was crucial, and he emphasized it accordingly. In essence, both theories are two sides of the same coin, with only verbal differences. The arguments supporting these perspectives are presented by him which are being discussed in this article.